Given an array $A$ of $n$ integers. Define function $f(l, r)$ as: $A_l$ $OR$ $A_{l+1}$ $...$ $OR$ $A_r$. Calculate XOR of all $f(l, r)$ with $1 \le l \le r \le n$.
### Input
- The first line contains an integer $n$.
- The second line contains $n$ integers $A_i$.
### Output
- Print the result.
### Constraints
- $1 \le n \le 10^6$.
- $1 \le A_i \le 10^9$.
### Example
Input:
```
3
1 4 3
```
Output:
```
3
```